TYPES OF KEYWORDS:

What is Short Tail Keyword?

 Short Tail Keyword:-

It is also known as head terms - search engines that refer to very broad topics and have high search volume. It is generally a search term that contains less than 3 words  

For e.g.:- Shoes, Puma, Gym,

Best watch, Pizza.

What is Long Tail Keyword?

Long Tail Keyword:- 

They are longer and very specific keyword phrases that visitors are more likely to use when they are closer to a point of purchase or when they are using voice search. It typically contains more than 3 words. 

For e.g.: the best family restaurant for birthdays, Gym with Zumba classes,  plain shirt seller in Hisar, the best hospital in Hisar, low price shoe seller.

What is Short Term Fresh Keyword?

Short Term Fresh Keyword:-

This type of keyword is more explosive keywords means you can assume it is a new keyword. Keywords that are in trends that last for only some time.

For e.g.:- Teej festival, Dengue, GTA v, Elvish Yadav, and Endgame.

What is Long Term Evergreen Keyword?

Long Term Evergreen Keyword:- 

Evergreen content is search-optimized content that is continually relevant and stays fresh for readers over a long period.

For e.g.:- 10 benefits of the subdomain, 10 advantages of aloe vera,  5 most dangerous fight scenes, top 10 most populated states in India, and top 5 films of Salman Khan.

What is Geo-Targeted Keyword?

Geo-Targeted Keyword:-

It is the keyword that practices delivering advertising content within a defined geographic boundary to customers who meet specified criteria. 

For e.g.:- Hospital near me, Restaurant near me, Fruit seller near Raj guru market, Best room for rent in Hisar, Saini sweets around me. 

What is Product Defining Keyword?

Product Defining Keyword:- 

It refers to the keywords that describe your product best. Those are the keywords your average searcher will type in the text area of Google if they are looking for a specific product, service, or idea that they want to acquire or get information about.  

For e.g.:- Samsung mobile in white color,  Best laptop for gaming, Best laceless shoes,  Realme TV with smart functions, Best watch with the big square dial.

What is Customer Defining Keyword?

Customer Defining Keyword:- 

It refers to those keywords that define the requirements of customers and that also grab the attention of the customer. 

For e.g.: for adult sports enthusiasts,  Toys for kids, oversized shirts for men, Branded shirts for teenagers, and Traditional sarees for women.

What is Latent Semantic Indexing?

Latent Semantic Indexing:-

These are the words that are related to a main keyword and are seen as semantically relevant that search engine uses to deeply understand the content on a webpage. 

For e.g.: the role of digital marketing, the function of digital marketing 

Ways to buy subdomain, ways to purchase subdomain 

Benefits of aloe vera, advantages of aloe vera.

What is Intent Targeting Keyword?

Intent Targeting Keyword:-

These are the keywords used by searchers whose intent matches your business type.

Informational                                                                             

These are mainly search queries used by people who Want to learn something. For e.g.;- Best Digital Marketing Course.  

Commercial                                                           

People use this keyword to research specific brands, products, or services. For e.g.:- Online smartphones with COD availability.

Transactional 

They are the keywords that show the strongest intent to buy or to take imminent action.  For e.g.:- Second-hand laptop for sale.   

                                                                                                          

What is Keyword In SEO

 What is Keyword?

• It is the term used in digital marketing to describe a word or a group of words an internet user uses to search in a search engine or search bar as it describes content on your page. 

• It is the search term that you want to rank for with a certain page so it plays an important role in search engine optimization.

What is Keyword planning?

• It is the process of getting keyword metrics and forecasts as well as searching for new keywords to add to the campaign.

• A keyword plan estimates the search volume for certain keywords and how much it would cost to target them with a paid campaign.

• Google keyword planner is a free-of-charge tool offered by Google that allows you to research keywords and check their potential for your campaign.

What do you mean by keyword planner and how to use it?

• Keyword planner helps you research keywords for your search campaigns.

• It is a tool that is designed to help marketers discover important keywords and find data for certain keywords like search numbers, competition, and ad pricing.

What is BID?

• It refers to the amount of money you are willing to spend for a single click on a given keyword in Google ads.
• Low Bid and High Bid.

What is Keyword Volume?

Keyword search volume refers to the average number of times a keyword is searched for within a particular time frame or we can say that it is a metric that various SEO and PPC tools calculate to tell marketers how many times a user searches for a particular keyword per month.

What is Keyword Density?

• It is a metric that tells us how frequently and keyword is used within a piece of content to the overall word count, so it is also called keyword frequency.

• Keyword density is a foundational concept of Search Engine Optimization.

What are Search Engine ?

A Search Engine is like a Software program that helps people find the information they are looking for online using keywords or phrases. They systematically search the World World Web for particular information specified in a textual web search query. Search Engine ranks relevant results based on the following criteria:- 

❖ Query meaning, Relevance content, Quantity content, User data, etc. 

❖ For e.g.:- Google, Yahoo, Bing, etc.

Types Of Search Engine:

GOOGLE: It uses the value of a webpage based on the number of backlinks i.e. links back to your website. Links from pages that are seen as important by Google weigh more heavily and increase the ranking of the linked pages. The Google ranking algorithm changes constantly. It can be useful to keep up to date with the latest changes. 

BING: Microsoft Bing Search Engine ranks websites based on the webpage content. The number and quality of websites that link to your page and the relevance of website content to keywords. 

YAHOO: Yahoo! Is now powered by Bing. 

Some Specialist Search Engine: are YouTube, Amazon, Skyscanner, and Facebook.

What do you mean by SEO?

➢ SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization 

➢ It is a set of processes aimed at improving your website visibility in search engines. All to get more organic traffic. 

SEO typically involves:- 

➢ Keyword Search, Technical Optimization, Link Building, Optimization 

➢ The ultimate goal of SEO is to help attract website visitors who will become customers, clients, or an audience that keeps coming back.

For what cases you will do optimization?

Case 1: Website not available 

Case 2: Website available on the second page 

Case 3: Website available on the first page but not on the first rank 

Case 4: Website available on the first page at the first position 

➢ I will do optimization for all the above cases as it is because for every query I want to rank my website at the top, therefore I have to do optimization. 

➢ In case 4 I have to do optimization to maintain my first position. 

➢ It is a long-term and continuous process. 

What do you mean by SERP?

➢ SERP stands for Search Engine Results Page 

➢ The page that a search engine returns after a user submits a search query. In addition to organic search results, SERP usually includes paid search and pay-per-click ads.

What is URL?

URL: It stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is the Address of a resource, which can be a specific web page or file, on the internet. It is the key concept of the web. 

What is Meta Title?

Meta Title: It refers to the text that is displayed on search engine results pages and browser tabs to indicate the topic of the webpage in blue color. 

What is Meta Description?

Meta Description: It refers to the webpage summary that can show in search engine results or it is an HTML element that provides a brief summary of the webpage in black color. 

What is Landing Page?

Landing Page: It refers to a standalone webpage that potential customers can “land” on the page when they click through from an Email, Ads, or other digital location. It is usually created specifically for a marketing or advertising campaign.

What is Secure Socket Layer?

 

• SSL secure socket layer provides security to the data that is transferred between a web browser and the server. It is an encryption-based internet security protocol.

• In other, we can say that SSL and its successor Transport layer security [TLS] are protocols for establishing authenticated and encrypted links between network computers.

• A website that implements SSL/TLS  has HTTPS in its URL instead of HTTP.

Types of SSL [Secure Socket Layer]:

• Single Domain Certificate:   It applies to one domain and one domain only. It can’t be used to authenticate any other domain not even the domain it is issued for.  It can secure a single subdomain, hostname, IP address, or mail server. This variation is available in DV, OV, and EV  authentication options.

• Wildcard Certificate:   It applies to a single domain and all its sub-domains. Users can see a list of subdomains covered by a particular certificate by clicking on the Padlock in the URL of their browser. This type offer full encryption for the subdomains making it an affordable and effective solution for most website. they are available in DV, OV, and EV validation options.
  
• Multi-Domain Certificate: MDC or it is also called Subject Alternative Names  [SAN]. It can list multiple distinct domains on one certificate, with an MDC, domains that are not subdomains of each other can share a certificate. One of these can secure up to 250 unique domains with a single solution. This certificate is available in DV, OV, and EV options.

SSL Validation Types :

• Domain Validation [DV]: The certificate authority [CA] checks the right of the applicant to use a specific domain name.  no company identity information is vetted or displayed other than encryption information without a secure site seal. DV SSL Certificates are fully supported and share the same browser recognition with OV SSL, but we do not need to submit company paperwork.

• Organisation Validation [OV]:  The CA checks the right of the applicant to use a specific domain name plus it conducts some vetting of the organization. The organization name also appears in the certificate under the field.

• Extended Validation [EV]:  It involves the full background check of the organization. The CA will make sure that the organization exist and is legally registered as a business that they actually are present at the address they listed and so on. They are more trustworthy than other types of SSL certificates.

ADVANTAGES OF SSL:

• Easy to Install: SSL does not require the installation of client Software. The only thing required is to connect to the internet through a standard web browser. To install a SSL Certificate no need for professional guidance is required.

• SEO: SSL  Certificate is one of the factors to boost search engine rankings. The effect of the algorithm can be clearly seen in the fluctuations in the SERP [ Search Engine Ranking Pages ] ranking.  

• Security: The main goal of an SSL Certificate is to encrypt information so that it can only be read by intended recipients. SSL converts the data into some unreadable code and format that can be accessed and used by authorized ones.

• Secure Customer Payments: All the payment card industries require sites to have an SSL Certificate with at least 128 bits of encryption to accept payments without a proper SSL certificate sites won’t be able to accept payment with credit cards.

DISADVANTAGE OF SSL :

• Cost: Purchasing and setting up of SSL Certificates can be quite expensive which is basically due to the maintenance and verification protocols. If you want multi-domain certificate which cover domain and subdomain obviously the cost of SSL is much more than the single domain. Therefore the cost of SSL is considered the major disadvantage of SSL. 

• Performance: When use SSL Certificate is used on a site, the speed of transactions will get drastically reduced. This is because of encryption and decryption of data before it can be used.

• Expiry and Renewal SSL: The SSL Certificate needs to be renewed and updated periodically especially, every year. If not updated the SSL stops hence the customer can lose trust while conducting transactions. 

• Coaching Issues: Encrypted data will have a problem with coaching if the proxy coaching system that is set up on the web browser is complex. Therefore to deal with this encryption additional servers are placed just after the encryption reaches the coaching server and hence the data is properly encrypted and presented to the destination.

What do you mean by Encryption and Decryption?

ENCRYPTION:

• It is used to protect data from being stolen, changed, or compromised and works by scrambling data into a secret code that can only be unlocked with a unique digital key.

• Also, we can say it is the process of using a code to transform plain text to cipher to ensure that sensitive data remains unreadable to an unauthorized user.

• It is very essential for ensuring the trusted delivery and storage of sensitive formations.

DECRYPTION:

• It is a technique that simply means the conversion or transforming of encrypted data into its original form is called Decryption. 

• It is generally a reverse process of encryption.

Note: Encryption is useless without Decryption and vice versa.

Other Important Social Media Platforms:

  Linkedin

• LinkedIn is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps. It was launched on May 5, 2003.  Since December 2016, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows job seekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015 most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. LinkedIn has more than 970 million registered members from over 200 countries and territories. LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships.
• LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011. The company traded its first shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol, In April 2014, LinkedIn announced that it had leased 222 Second Street, a 26-story building under construction in San Francisco's SoMa district, to accommodate up to 2,500 of its employees, with the lease covering 10 years. In 2016, access to LinkedIn was blocked by Russian authorities for non-compliance with the 2015 national legislation that requires social media networks to store citizens' personal data on servers located in Russia.
• As of September 2021, LinkedIn has 774+ million registered members from over 200 countries and territories. LinkedIn is particularly well-suited for personal branding, which, according to Sandra Long, entails "actively managing one's image and unique value" to position oneself for career opportunities. LinkedIn has evolved from being a mere platform for job searchers into a social network which allows users a chance to create a personal brand.

Medium

• Medium is an American online publishing platform developed by Evan Williams and launched in August 2012. It is owned by A Medium Corporation. The platform is an example of social journalism, having a hybrid collection of amateur and professional people and publications, or exclusive blogs or publishers on Medium, and is regularly regarded as a blog host. By April 2013, Williams reported there were 30 full-time staff working on the platform, including a vacancy for a "Storyteller" role, and that it was taking "98 percent" of his time.
• Medium has brought in revenue through native advertising and sponsorship of some article series. Medium gained several new publishers to host their content on the platform. In March 2017, Medium announced a membership program for $5 per month, offering access to "well-researched explainers, insightful perspectives, and useful knowledge with a longer shelf life", with authors being paid a flat amount per article. In January 2021, Medium announced that it had acquired the social-based ebook company Glose. In November 2021, Medium acquired browser-based graphic design tool Projector. Projector's team joined Medium and Projector was shut down in 2022. Projector co-founder and CEO Trevor O'Brien became Medium's chief product officer. In November 2021, Medium also acquired audio-based learning platform Knowable.
• Medium does not publish official user stats on its website. According to US blogs, the platform had about 60 million monthly visitors in 2016. In 2015, the total numbers of users was about 25 million. Medium offers users subscriptions to become a member for a $5 monthly or $50 yearly fee. With a Medium membership, access to "exclusive content, audio narrations of popular stories, and an improved bookmark section" is enabled.

Tumblr

• Tumblr  is a microblogging and social networking website founded by David Karp in 2007 and currently owned by American company Automattic. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. Development of Tumblr began in 2006 during a two-week gap between contracts at David Karp's software consulting company, Davidville. Tumblr was launched in February 2007, and within two weeks had gained 75,000 users. Arment left the company in September 2010 to work on Instapaper. 
• On May 20, 2013, it was announced that Yahoo and Tumblr had reached an agreement for Yahoo! Inc. to acquire Tumblr for $1.1 billion in cash. Karp announced in November 2017 that he would be leaving Tumblr by the end of the year. Jeff D'Onofrio, Tumblr's president and COO, took over leading the company.

Features

• Blog management
• Dashboard:
• Queue
• Tags
• HTML Editing
• Custom domains

Pinterest

• Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically "ideas") like recipes, home, style, motivation, and inspiration on the internet using images and, on a smaller scale, animated GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards. The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and it is operated by now Pinterest, Inc., and headquartered in San Francisco. 
• The development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010. Nine months after the launch, the website had 10,000 users. Silbermann said he wrote to the first 5,000 users, offering his phone number and even meeting with some of them. The launch of an iPhone app in early March 2011 brought in more downloads than expected. This was followed by an iPad app and Pinterest Mobile, a version of the website for non-iPhone users. Silbermann and a few programmers operated the site out of a small apartment until the summer of 201.
• In January 2023 at CES, Pinterest announced its partnership with LiveRamp, a data enablement platform to create data 'clean rooms' for selected advertisers on the platform. These 'clean rooms' will allow Pinterest's ad partners to utilize first-party data for personalized ads without having to share the data with Pinterest. Pinterest is a free website that requires registration to use.

Quora

• Quora is a social question-and-answer website and online knowledge market headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was founded on June 25, 2009, and made available to the public on June 21, 2010. Users can collaborate by editing questions and commenting on answers that have been submitted by other users. As of 2020, the website was visited by 300 million users a month. Quora was co-founded by former Facebook employees Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever in June 2009.
• In March 2010, Quora, Inc. was valued at $86 million. Quora first became available to the public on June 21, 2010, and was praised for its interface and for the quality of the answers written by its users, many of whom were recognized as experts in their fields. Quora was evolving into "a more organized Yahoo Answers, a classier Reddit, an opinionated Wikipedia", and became popular in tech circles. 
• On April 19, Quora eliminated the requirement that users use their real names and allowed users to use pseudonyms.
• On August 5, Quora began allowing contributors to monetize their content. In addition, the platform launched a subscription service called Quora+ which allows subscribers to pay a $5 monthly fee or a $50 annual subscription to access content that any creator chooses to put behind a paywall. 

Telegram

• Telegram Messenger, commonly known as Telegram, is a cloud-based, cross-platform instant messaging (IM) service. It allows users to exchange messages, share media and files, and hold private and group voice or video calls, as well public livestreams. It is available for Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, Linux, and web browsers. Telegram provides end-to-end encryption in voice and video calls, and in optional private chats, which Telegram calls Secret Chats.
• Telegram also has social networking features, allowing users to post stories, create large public groups with up to 200,000 members, or share one-way updates to unlimited audiences in so-called channels. The service also provides an open API for the creation of custom bots which can perform various tasks, integrate other services into Telegram chats, or work as mini apps.
• Telegram was founded in 2013 by Nikolai and Pavel Durov. Its servers are distributed worldwide, while the headquarters are in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Telegram is the most popular instant messaging application in parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
• As of August 2023, Telegram has more than 800 million monthly active users, with India leading in the number of users. It was the most downloaded app worldwide in January 2021 with 1 billion downloads globally as of late August 2021.

Reddit

• Reddit  is an American social news aggregation, content rating, and discussion website. Registered users (commonly referred to as "redditors") submit content to the site such as links, text posts, images, and videos, which are then voted up or down by other members. Posts are organized by subject into user-created boards called "communities" or "subreddits". Submissions with more upvotes appear towards the top of their subreddit and, if they receive enough upvotes, ultimately on the site's front page. Reddit administrators moderate the communities. Moderation is also conducted by community-specific moderators, who are not Reddit employees.  It is operated by Reddit Inc., based in San Francisco.
• As of October 2023, Reddit is the 18th most-visited website in the world. According to data provided by Similarweb, 48.98% of the websites traffic comes from the United States followed by the United Kingdom at 7.06% and Canada at 6.9%.
• Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, with Aaron Swartz, in 2005. Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006.
• In June 2023, Black Cat hacker gang claimed responsibility for a February 2023 breach of Reddit's systems. On their data leak site, they claimed that they stole 80 GB of compressed data and demanded a $4.5 million ransom from Reddit. This attack did not involve data encryption like typical ransomware campaigns.

Orkut

• Orkut was a social networking service owned and operated by Google. The service was designed to help users meet new and old friends and maintain existing relationships. The website was named after its creator, Google employee Orkut Büyükkökten.
• Orkut was one of the most visited websites in India and Brazil in 2008. In 2008, Google announced that Orkut would be fully managed and operated in Brazil, by Google Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte. This was decided due to the large Brazilian user base and growth of legal issues.
• On June 30, 2014, Google announced it would be closing Orkut on September 30, 2014. No new accounts could be created starting from July 2014. Users could download their profile archive by Google Takeout.
• In April 2022, the website was reactivated.
• Orkut's features and interface changed significantly with time. An Orkut user was also able to add videos to their profile from either YouTube or Google Video with the additional option of creating either restricted or unrestricted polls for polling a community of users,Orkut was the first Google customer to have OpenSocial support.

Google +

• Google+ (sometimes written as Google Plus; sometimes called G+) was a social network that was owned and operated by Google until it ceased operations in 2019. The network was launched on June 28, 2011, in an attempt to challenge other social networks, linking other Google products like Google Drive, Blogger and YouTube. The service, Google's fourth foray into social networking, experienced strong growth in its initial years, although usage statistics varied, depending on how the service was defined. Three Google executives oversaw the service, which underwent substantial changes that led to a redesign in November 2015.
• Due to low user engagement and disclosed software design flaws that potentially allowed outside developers access to personal information of its users, the Google+ developer API was discontinued on March 7, 2019, and Google+ was shut down for business and personal use on April 2, 2019.

What do you mean by Social Media?

 Social Media

• It refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks.

• In general terms or in other words, it is a collective term for websites and applications that focus on communication.

What is Social Media Marketing?

• It is also known as E-marketing or digital marketing.
• In this marketing, we use social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, etc. on which users build social networks and share information to build a company’s brand awareness, increase sales, and drive more and more website traffic.
• SMMA [social media marketing agency] is the agency that provides services related to social media or we can call it a Social Media Manager.

Why Is Social Media Marketing (SMM) So Powerful?

• Connection 
• Interaction 
• Customer data 

What do you mean by owned media or earned media?

• Owned media is that which you create or control - For example, your website or facebook page- but earned media is material others have produced about you, such as product reviews and social mentions.
• Earned media is coverage or promotion of your brand through organic means.
• Owned media is like any content published to channel or operated by the brand itself. 

Types of Social Media Platforms:

FACEBOOK

• Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American technology giant Meta Platforms. Created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, its name derives from the Facebook directories often given to American university students. Membership was initially limited to only Harvard students, gradually expanding to other North American universities and, since 2006, anyone over 13 years old. As of December 2022, Facebook claimed 2.96 billion monthly active users,and ranked third worldwide among the most visited websites. It was the most downloaded mobile app of the 2010s.

• Facebook can be accessed from devices with Internet connectivity, such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. After registering, users can create a profile revealing information about themselves. They can post text, photos and multimedia which are shared with any other users who have agreed to be their "friend" or, with different privacy settings, publicly. Users can also communicate directly with each other with Messenger, join common-interest groups, and receive notifications on the activities of their Facebook friends and the pages they follow.

• The subject of numerous controversies, Facebook has often been criticized over issues such as user privacy (as with the Cambridge Analytica data scandal), political manipulation (as with the 2016 U.S. elections) and mass surveillance. Facebook has also been subject to criticism over psychological effects such as addiction and low self-esteem, and various controversies over content such as fake news, conspiracy theories, copyright infringement, and hate speech. Commentators have accused Facebook of willingly facilitating the spread of such content, as well as exaggerating its number of users to appeal to advertisers

Instagram

• Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters, be organized by hashtags, and be associated with a location — via geographical tagging. Posts can be shared publicly or with pre approved followers. Users can browse other users' content by tags and locations, view trending content, like photos, and follow other users to add their content to a personal feed.
• Instagram was originally distinguished by allowing content to be framed only in a square (1:1) aspect ratio of 640 pixels to match the display width of the iPhone at the time. In 2015, this restriction was eased with an increase to 1080 pixels. It also added messaging features, the ability to include multiple images or videos in a single post, and a Stories feature similar to its main competitor Snapchat—which allowed users to post their content to a sequential feed, with each post accessible to others for 24 hours. As of January 2019, Stories is used by 500 million people daily.

Twitter

• Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company X Corp., the successor of Twitter, Inc. Twitter users outside the United States are legally served by the Ireland-based Twitter International Unlimited Company, which makes these users subject to Irish and European Union data protection laws.
• On Twitter, users post texts, images and videos known as "tweets".Registered users can tweet, like, "retweet" tweets, and direct message (DM) other registered users. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its application programming interfaces (APIs).
• Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Its former parent company, Twitter, Inc. was based in San Francisco, California and had more than 25 offices around the world.By 2012, more than 100 million users tweeted 340 million tweets a day, and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day.In 2013, it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as "the SMS of the Internet". By the start of 2019, Twitter had more than 330 million monthly active users.In practice, the vast majority of tweets are tweeted by a minority of users. In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15% of all accounts) were fake.
• On October 27, 2022, business magnate Elon Musk acquired Twitter for US$44 billion, gaining control of the platform. Since the acquisition, the platform has been criticized for facilitating an increase in content containing hate speech as Musk has emphasized more free speech.On December 20, 2022, Musk announced he would step down as CEO once a replacement had been found. Linda Yaccarino, the former head of ad sales for NBCUniversal, succeeded Musk as CEO on June 5, 2023.

Snapchat

• Snapchat is an American multimedia instant messaging app and service developed by Snap Inc., originally Snapchat Inc. One of the principal features of Snapchat is that pictures and messages are usually only available for a short time before they become inaccessible to their recipients. The app has evolved from originally focusing on person-to-person photo sharing to presently featuring users' "Stories" of 24 hours of chronological content, along with "Discover", letting brands show ad-supported short-form content. It also allows users to store photos in a password-protected area called "my eyes only". It has also reportedly incorporated limited use of end-to-end encryption, with plans to broaden its use in the future.
• Snapchat was created by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown, former students at Stanford University. It is known for representing a mobile-first direction for social media, and places significant emphasis on users interacting with virtual stickers and augmented reality objects. In July 2021, Snapchat had 293 million daily active users, a 23% growth over a year. On average more than four billion Snaps are sent each day.Snapchat is popular among the younger generations, particularly those below the age of 16, leading to many privacy concerns for parents.

YouTube

• YouTube is an American online video-sharing and social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. Accessible worldwide it was launched on February 14,2005, STEVE KARIM. It is owned by Google and is the second most visited website after Google Search. YouTube has more than 2.5 Billion monthly users, who collectively watch more than one billion hours of videos each day. As of may 2019 , videos were being uploaded at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute. In October 2006, YouTube was bought by google  for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads.